Problem-Solving Strategies is a unique collection of competition problems from over twenty major national and international mathematical competitions for high school students. The discussion of problem solving strategies is extensive. It is written for trainers and participants of contests of all levels up to the highest level: IMO, Tournament of the Towns, and the noncalculus parts of the Putnam Competition. It will appeal to high school teachers conducting a mathematics club who need a range of simple to complex problems and to those instructors wishing to pose a 'problem of the week', 'problem of the month', and 'research problem of the year' to their students, thus bringing a creative atmosphere into their classrooms with continuous discussions of mathematical problems. This volume is a must-have for instructors wishing to enrich their teaching with some interesting non-routine problems and for individuals who are just interested in solving difficult and challenging problems. Each chapter starts with typical examples illustrating the central concepts and is followed by a number of carefully selected problems and their solutions. Most of the solutions are complete, but some merely point to the road leading to the final solution. Very few problems have no solutions. Readers interested in increasing the effectiveness of the book can do so by working on the examples in addition to the problems thereby increasing the number of problems to over 1300. In addition to being a valuable resource of mathematical problems and solution strategies, this volume is the most complete training book on the market.
This is a list of 10 most prestigious and old programming contests and challenges which you can participate and win prizes. Most of them are annual competitions but few are continuous and you can enter at any time. You can use C, C++, Java or C# .NET or any other programming language in these contests.
These contests offer young, talented programmers the opportunity to measure their capabilities and to compare themselves to other programmers around the world. Below is a list of some popular coding challenge websites with a short description of what each one offers.
1) The ACM-IPC International Collegiate Programming Contest
The ACM International Collegiate Programming Contest (ICPC) traces its roots to a competition held at Texas A&M in 1970 hosted by the Alpha Chapter of the UPE Computer Science Honor Society. The contest fosters creativity, teamwork, and innovation in building new software programs, and enables students to test their ability to perform under pressure. Quite simply, it is the oldest, largest, and most prestigious programming contest in the world.
2) TopCoder
TopCoder is fast becoming the major league for programming competitions. TopCoder brings members together once a week to compete online (Single Round Match) and twice a year both online and on location (Tournaments).
The top ranked users on TopCoder are very good competitive programmers and regularly compete in programming competitions.
The top ranked users on TopCoder are very good competitive programmers and regularly compete in programming competitions.
3) Google Code Jam
Google Code Jam is an annual programming competition in which professional and student programmers are asked to solve complex algorithmic challenges in a limited amount of time, using the programming language of their choice. This contest starts online and programmers can practice by trying out problems from years.
4) The ICFP Programming Contest
The International Conference on Functional Programming ICFP Programming Contest is held every year, a few months before the conference. ICFP is an annual programming language conference. This is an open contest. There is no entry fee or need to pre-register. Participants may work from any location. Participants may form teams and the teams may have any number of members.
5) BME International 24-hours Programming Contest
The Challenge24 is a 24-hour international programming contest held 10th time last year. The most important thing in this contest is that the participants are allowed to use their own computers so that they are given the possibility to work in their usual environment that fits them the best.
6) The International Obfuscated C Code Contest
The International Obfuscated C Code Contest has been running for 19 years now. The contest is done through email or online submission. All you have to do is write the most obscure or obfuscated ANSI C program in fewer than 4096 characters length according to the rules.
7) Internet Problem Solving Contest
The Internet Problem Solving Contest (IPSC) is an online contest for teams consisting of up to three people. Several problems are published at the beginning of the competition. Each problem consists of a problem description and two input data sets. To solve a problem you will have to compute correct output data for the given input data sets. Usually this means that you will write a program that solves the problem, but you may produce the output by hand or in any other way.
8) Microsoft Imagine Cup
This program invites you to take on real-world problems submitted by IGOs, NGOs and non-profits that you can then take on as part of your Imagine Cup project. Search through the Imagine Cup Solve This Library to find an issue that matters most to you. Then put your ideas into action as you create solutions that have potential to change the world.
9) Hewlett Packard (HP) Codewars
Hewlett Packard (HP) Codewars is for high school students and takes place every year since 1999. The event successfully combines several quality ingredients: the high-tech HP environment, a wide range of programming challenges, large amounts of good “programmer” food (pizza and caffeine), music, plus loads of giveaways (including gift bags and door prizes) – all in an exciting, stimulating, and competitive environment.
10) OpenChallenge
Openchallenge is a catalyst for materializing creativity and for channeling open source potential into tackling real world problems. Openchallenge is and tries to be as free as possible from any bonds to any specific interest group.
You could find more programming contests at Google Directory. Disclaimer: I am not affiliated with any of the websites mentioned above.
Hi everyone!Here are the useful links of olympiad programming.Who wishes to add own links can write me or leave a comment
Sites that are periodically hold online contests:
http://codeforces.ru/ Codeforces
Michael Mirzayanov’s site. Periodically hold online contests. There are analysis of some of the competitions. http://www.topcoder.com/tcProgramming competitions TopCoder
Official site of TCO, TCCC, TCHS, problems archive, periodically hold online contests, tutorials, forum
http://code.google.com/codejam Google Code Jam
Yearly competition of google company
http://acm.timus.ru Timus Online Judge
Ural State University’s site. Contains the largest problems archive in Russia from different competitions on sports programming, periodically hold online contests
http://acm.sgu.ru Saratov State University Online Contester
The site of the Saratov State University. Contains problems archive, forum, periodically hold online contests, it is possible to hold virtual contests
http://neerc.ifmo.ru/school Olympiad in Informatics, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
Andrew Stankevich’s site. The official website of All-Russian team competitions in St. Petersburg, internet olympiads in Informatics. There is competitions archive, forum
http://algoprog.kz/ Algoprog - a community of good programmers and developers
The site contains problem archives with built-in test system, materials for training, forum, periodically hold online contests
http://ace.delos.com/ USA Computing Olympiad
USA Compution Olympiad - events, problems, tests, solutions, comments
http://www.usaco.org/ USA Computing Olympiad
USA Compution Olympiad - events, problems, tests, solutions, comments
http://ipsc.ksp.sk/ Internet Problem Solving Contest
Team Olympiad
http://neerc.ifmo.ru/online/ NEERC Online contest site
http://acmp.ru Programmers School
The site contains problem archives with built-in test system, materials for training, forum, periodically hold online contests
http://www.e-olimp.com/ E-Olimp
Very frequent hold online contests, huge problems archive at different levels with built-in test system
http://informatics.mccme.ru/moodle/ Distance Learning
The site contains problem archives with built-in test system, materials for training, forum, periodically hold online contests
http://uva.onlinejudge.org/ UVa Online Judge
The site contains problem archives with built-in test system, periodically hold online contests
http://www.codechef.com/ CodeChef
CodeChef is India's first, non-commercial, multi-platform online coding competition, featuring monthly contests in more than 35 different programming languages. Winners of each contest get sweet prizes, recognition from their peers and an invitation to compete at the CodeChef Cup, a live event held yearly
http://acm.pku.edu.cn/ Peking University
Chinese site. Frequently held contests. Contains a large archive of problems with built-in test system
http://acm.zju.edu.cn Zhejiang University
Chinese site. Frequently held contests. Contains a large archive of problems with built-in test system
http://acm.tju.edu.cn Tianjin University
Chinese site. Frequently held contests. You can assign virtual contests. Contains a large archive of problems with built-in test system
http://acm.hdu.edu.cn/ Hangzhou Dianzi University
Chinese site. Frequently held contests. You can assign virtual contests. Contains a large archive of problems with built-in test system
http://www.z-trening.comZ-Trening
The site contains problem archives with built-in test system, periodically hold online contests
http://hsin.hr/coci/CROATIAN OPEN COMPETITION IN INFORMATICS
Croatian site. In the year meet 8 contests. There are analysises of some contests
http://contests.snarknews.info/ SnarkNews Programming Contests
Tournaments of SnarkNews site
Training sites (theory, implementation, analysis, lectures, news):
http://e-maxx.ru/ MAXimal
A good collection of algorithms and implementations
http://snarknews.info SnarkNews
News of Russian and international programming competitions, results and reviews of contests, SnarkNews Summer / Winter Series, a pilot server virtual contests
http://alglib.manual.ru/ ALGLIB
This multilingual collection of algorithms for solving problems in numerical analysis and data processing. ALGLIB licensed under the GPL (version 2 or later, user selectable)
http://algolist.manual.ru/ Algolist - Algorithms, methods, sources
The site is devoted to algorithms and methods
The site is devoted to algorithms and methods
http://g6prog.narod.ru/ g6prog
Analysises оf olympiad problems from Michael Gustokashin
http://intuit.ru Internet University of Computer Science
Here you will find lots of free training courses to help you gain new knowledge and enhance their professional skills with the maximum comfort for you
Here you will find lots of free training courses to help you gain new knowledge and enhance their professional skills with the maximum comfort for you
http://hardfire.far.ru HardFire
News, algorithms, electronic library
http://olympiads.ru Informatics Olympiad
Informatics Olympiad of Russia - events, tasks, tests, decisions, comments
Informatics Olympiad of Russia - events, tasks, tests, decisions, comments
http://olympiads.kz Informatics Olympiad
Informatics Olympiad of Kazakhstan - events, tasks, tests, decisions, comments
Informatics Olympiad of Kazakhstan - events, tasks, tests, decisions, comments
http://ioinformatics.org/IOI
Site of International Olympiads in Informatics
Sites containing archives of different tasks, possibly with the built-in test system:
http://codeforces.ru/ Codeforces
Michael Mirzayanov’s site. Periodically hold online contests. There are analysis of some of the competitions.
http://www.topcoder.com/tcProgramming competitions TopCoder
Official site of TCO, TCCC, TCHS, problems archive, periodically hold online contests, tutorials, forum
http://acm.mipt.ruProgramming Olympiad on PhysTech
Site of the Moscow Physical-Technical Institute. Contains problems archive, training materials on algorithms and programming languages, forum
Site of the Moscow Physical-Technical Institute. Contains problems archive, training materials on algorithms and programming languages, forum
http://acm.timus.ru Timus Online Judge
Ural State University’s site. Contains the largest problems archive in Russia from different competitions on sports programming, periodically hold online contests
http://acm.sgu.ru Saratov State University Online Contester
The site of the Saratov State University. Contains problems archive, forum, periodically hold online contests, it is possible to hold virtual contests
http://neerc.ifmo.ru/school Olympiad in Informatics, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
Ipsc Solutions
Andrew Stankevich’s site. The official website of All-Russian team competitions in St. Petersburg, internet olympiads in Informatics. There is competitions archive, forum
http://www.informatics.ruOlympiad in Informatics
Site of Mytishi programming school - news, results of competitions, archives, library
Site of Mytishi programming school - news, results of competitions, archives, library
http://olympiads.ruInformatics Olympiad
Informatics Olympiad of Russia - events, tasks, tests, decisions, comments
Informatics Olympiad of Russia - events, tasks, tests, decisions, comments
http://olympiads.kzInformatics Olympiad
Informatics Olympiad of Kazakhstan - events, tasks, tests, decisions, comments
Informatics Olympiad of Kazakhstan - events, tasks, tests, decisions, comments
http://algoprog.kz/ Algoprog - a community of good programmers and developers
The site contains problem archives with built-in test system, materials for training, forum, periodically hold online contests
http://acm.baylor.edu/icpc/ ACM International Collegiate Programming Contest
Official website of the International Team Championship among students ACM ICPC
http://ace.delos.com/ USA Computing Olympiad
USA Compution Olympiad - events, problems, tests, solutions, comments
http://www.usaco.org/ USA Computing Olympiad
USA Compution Olympiad - events, problems, tests, solutions, comments
http://ipsc.ksp.sk/ Internet Problem Solving Contest
Team olympiad
http://dl.gsu.by/ Distance Learning Belarus
First in Belorussia distance learning website. The site contains the problem archives with built-in test system, materials for training, forum
http://acmp.ru Programmers School
The site contains problem archives with built-in test system, materials for training, forum, periodically hold online contests
http://informatics.mccme.ru/moodle/Distance Learning
The site contains problem archives with built-in test system, materials for training, forum, periodically hold online contests
http://www.spoj.pl – SPOJ
Polish site. The site contains problem archives with built-in test system
http://www.e-olimp.com/ E-Olimp
Very frequent hold online contests, huge problems archive at different levels with built-in test system
http://uva.onlinejudge.org/ UVa Online Judge
The site contains problem archives with built-in test system, periodically hold online contests
http://www.codechef.com/ CodeChef
CodeChef is India's first, non-commercial, multi-platform online coding competition, featuring monthly contests in more than 35 different programming languages. Winners of each contest get sweet prizes, recognition from their peers and an invitation to compete at the CodeChef Cup, a live event held yearly
http://acm.pku.edu.cn/ Peking University
Chinese site. Frequently held contests. Contains a large archive of problems with built-in test system
http://acm.zju.edu.cn Zhejiang University
Chinese site. Frequently held contests. Contains a large archive of problems with built-in test system
http://acm.tju.edu.cn Tianjin University
Chinese site. Frequently held contests. You can assign virtual contests. Contains a large archive of problems with built-in test system
http://acm.hdu.edu.cn/ Hangzhou Dianzi University
Chinese site. Frequently held contests. You can assign virtual contests. Contains a large archive of problems with built-in test system
http://www.z-trening.comZ-Trening
The site contains problem archives with built-in test system, periodically hold online contests
Sites of summer schools and camps:
http://lksh.ruSummer Computer School
Site of the annual LKSh
Site of the annual LKSh
http://summer-school.org.uaSummer Computer School in Sevastopol
Other sites:
http://paste.ubuntu.com/ Ubuntu Pastebin
Site for storing codes
http://pastie.org/ Pastie
Site for storing codes
http://ideone.com/ ideone
The site for the storage of codes can be compiled and run on a server for your input - can be very useful
All sites from above in one list:
http://codeforces.ru/ Codeforces
Michael Mirzayanov’s site. Periodically hold online contests. There are analysis of some of the competitions.
http://www.topcoder.com/tcProgramming competitions TopCoder
Official site of TCO, TCCC, TCHS, problems archive, periodically hold online contests, tutorials, forum
http://e-maxx.ru/ MAXimal
A good collection of algorithms and implementations
http://acm.mipt.ruProgramming Olympiad on PhysTech
Site of the Moscow Physical-Technical Institute. Contains problems archive, training materials on algorithms and programming languages, forum
Site of the Moscow Physical-Technical Institute. Contains problems archive, training materials on algorithms and programming languages, forum
http://acm.timus.ru Timus Online Judge
Ural State University’s site. Contains the largest problems archive in Russia from different competitions on sports programming, periodically hold online contests
http://acm.sgu.ru Saratov State University Online Contester
The site of the Saratov State University. Contains problems archive, forum, periodically hold online contests, it is possible to hold virtual contests
http://neerc.ifmo.ru/school Olympiad in Informatics, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
Andrew Stankevich’s site. The official website of All-Russian team competitions in St. Petersburg, internet olympiads in Informatics. There is competitions archive, forum
http://www.informatics.ruOlympiad in Informatics
Site of Mytishi programming school - news, results of competitions, archives, library
Site of Mytishi programming school - news, results of competitions, archives, library
http://olympiads.ru Informatics Olympiad
Informatics Olympiad of Russia - events, tasks, tests, decisions, comments
Informatics Olympiad of Russia - events, tasks, tests, decisions, comments
http://olympiads.kz Informatics Olympiad
Informatics Olympiad of Kazakhstan - events, tasks, tests, decisions, comments
Informatics Olympiad of Kazakhstan - events, tasks, tests, decisions, comments
http://algoprog.kz/ Algoprog - a community of good programmers and developers
The site contains problem archives with built-in test system, materials for training, forum, periodically hold online contests
http://snarknews.info SnarkNews
News of Russian and international programming competitions, results and reviews of contests, SnarkNews Summer / Winter Series, a pilot server virtual contests
http://acm.baylor.edu/icpc/ ACM International Collegiate Programming Contest
Official website of the International Team Championship among students ACM ICPC
http://ace.delos.com/ USA Computing Olympiad
USA Compution Olympiad - events, problems, tests, solutions, comments
http://www.usaco.org/ USA Computing Olympiad
USA Compution Olympiad - events, problems, tests, solutions, comments
http://ipsc.ksp.sk/ Internet Problem Solving Contest
Team olympiad
http://dl.gsu.by/ Distance Learning Belarus
First in Belorussia distance learning website. The site contains the problem archiveswith built-in test system, materials for training, forum
http://neerc.ifmo.ru/online/ NEERC Online contest site
http://alglib.manual.ru/ ALGLIB
This multilingual collection of algorithms for solving problems in numerical analysis and data processing. ALGLIB licensed under the GPL (version 2 or later, user selectable)
http://algolist.manual.ru/ Algolist - Algorithms, methods, sources
The site is devoted to algorithms and methods
The site is devoted to algorithms and methods
http://g6prog.narod.ru/ g6prog
Analysises оf olympiad problems from Michael Gustokashin
http://acmp.ru Programmers School
The site contains problem archives with built-in test system, materials for training, forum, periodically hold online contests
http://intuit.ru Internet University of Computer Science
Here you will find lots of free training courses to help you gain new knowledge and enhance their professional skills with the maximum comfort for you
Here you will find lots of free training courses to help you gain new knowledge and enhance their professional skills with the maximum comfort for you
http://lksh.ruSummer Computer School
Site of the annual LKSh
Site of the annual LKSh
http://summer-school.org.uaSummer Computer School in Sevastopol
http://hardfire.far.ru HardFire
News, algorithms, electronic library
http://informatics.mccme.ru/moodle/ Distance Learning
The site contains problem archives with built-in test system, materials for training, forum, periodically hold online contests
http://www.spoj.pl SPOJ
Polish site. The site contains problem archives with built-in test system
http://code.google.com/codejam Google Code Jam
Yearly competition of google company
http://pastie.org/ Pastie
Site for storing codes
http://ideone.com/ ideone
The site for the storage of codes can be compiled and run on a server for your input - can be very useful
http://www.e-olimp.com/ E-Olimp
Very frequent hold online contests, huge problems archive at different levels with built-in test system
http://uva.onlinejudge.org/ UVa Online Judge
The site contains problem archives with built-in test system, periodically hold online contests
http://www.codechef.com/ CodeChef
CodeChef is India's first, non-commercial, multi-platform online coding competition, featuring monthly contests in more than 35 different programming languages. Winners of each contest get sweet prizes, recognition from their peers and an invitation to compete at the CodeChef Cup, a live event held yearly
http://paste.ubuntu.com/ Ubuntu Pastebin
Site for storing codes
http://acm.pku.edu.cn/ Peking University
Chinese site. Frequently held contests. Contains a large archive of problems with built-in test system
http://acm.zju.edu.cn Zhejiang University
Chinese site. Frequently held contests. Contains a large archive of problems with built-in test system
http://acm.tju.edu.cn Tianjin University
Chinese site. Frequently held contests. You can assign virtual contests. Contains a large archive of problems with built-in test system
http://acm.hdu.edu.cn/ Hangzhou Dianzi University
Chinese site. Frequently held contests. You can assign virtual contests. Contains a large archive of problems with built-in test system
http://www.z-trening.comZ-Trening
The site contains problem archives with built-in test system, periodically hold online contests
http://hsin.hr/coci/CROATIAN OPEN COMPETITION IN INFORMATICS
Croatian site. In the year meet 8 contests. There are analysises of some contests
http://contests.snarknews.info/ SnarkNews Programming Contests
Tournaments of SnarkNews site
http://ioinformatics.org/IOI
Site of International Olympiads in Informatics
IPSC 2017
Solution to Problem Q – Queue skipping
The easy subproblem is easily solved by brute force: just simulate the process described in the problem statement. And if you used a reasonably fast programming language and had a bit of patience, you could actually use the same code to solve the hard subproblem as well – the test cases aren’t that large, a well-implemented solution that runs in O(ne) time should solve the hard subproblem within a few minutes.
But where’s the fun in that? We want a more clever solution!
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In order to solve the hard subproblem in an efficient way, realize that there are only two possibilities for the answer:
Algebra Solving Solution Problems
- If there are some people who never skipped to the front, these are now the people at the end of the queue. In particular, the last person in the queue is the one with the largest number among the people who never skipped the queue.
- If everybody skipped to the front at least once, the person at the end of the queue is the one who did so least recently.
Once we make this observation, we can easily solve the problem in linear time – more precisely, in O(n + e) steps.
A small bonus challenge: can you compute not just the last person but the entire final state of the queue in O(n + e) time?